Pneumonia in children - an overview

Pneumonia is an infection of the lungs, which can be caused by a variety of bacteria and viruses.

It often follows on from an upper respiratory tract infection, such as a cold, flu or bronchiolitis, and results in the lungs becoming inflamed. Babies are particularly susceptible because their immune systems are still developing. Bacterial pneumonia develops more rapidly and is generally more severe although clears up rapidly with treatment; viral pneumonia comes on more gradually and is usually less serious (although it can progress into bacterial pneumonia), but can take up to two months to clear completely.

Symptoms include fever, chills, coughing, rapid breathing that may be accompanied by wheezing, vomiting, pain in the chest and abdomen, lethargy and loss of appetite. These symptoms steadily worsen so if you notice this tendency in your baby or child, contact your pediatrician. If your child’s breathing is labored or his lips and fingertips turn a bluish-gray color, call the pediatrician straightaway.

Treatment

Bacterial infections can be treated with antibiotics, but viral infections can’t be – however, your pediatrician may suggest an antiviral treatment that can make the symptoms of viral pneumonia less severe. Your child will need plenty of rest, fluids and possibly oxygen through a facemask to help him breathe more easily. It’s possible he may be admitted to hospital if his pneumonia is particularly severe.

Make sure your baby gets plenty of fluids to prevent dehydration, and use a dehumidifier in her room to help ease her breathing. Ask your pediatrician about giving her fever reducers to make her more comfortable. Your older child also needs plenty of fluids and rest – a pillow to prop him up slightly can help make his breathing a little easier.

Prevention

Keep your child’s vaccinations up to date as this helps to stop many of the illnesses that can lead to pneumonia – for example, measles. Although pneumonia itself isn’t contagious, the illnesses that can cause it are, so practice good hygiene and frequently wash your hands and your child’s to prevent germs from spreading.

The information on this feature is intended for educational purposes only. If you have any concerns about your health, the health of your child or the health of someone you know, please consult with a doctor or other healthcare professional.

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Last Modified: 20/06/2007

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