Meningitis

This can be a devastating illness because it’s difficult to diagnose and symptoms develop very quickly.

It’s an inflammation of the membrane covering the brain and spinal cord, and can be caused by bacteria or viruses. Bacterial meningitis is rare but can be fatal if not treated straightaway. Viral meningitis is more common but less serious – in fact it often goes undiagnosed because the symptoms resemble flu.

Most cases of viral meningitis resolve in a week or so with little treatment other than plenty of fluids and fever reducers, although it can result in hospitalization in some cases. The symptoms of bacterial meningitis, the most serious form, are very similar to many childhood illnesses, making it very hard to diagnose or act quickly. It can be especially hard to diagnose babies or young children who can’t tell you what’s wrong or that they feel unwell.

• A baby with meningitis may be excessively drowsy or cranky, and may run a high fever or have a lower than normal temperature. She’ll have a weak, high-pitched cry that isn’t soothed by rocking and may not feed well. Her body may seem stiff and she may recoil if you hold her under a bright light. Her fontanels (the soft spots on her head) may bulge.

• An older child with meningitis will also have a fever, and sensitivity to bright lights, and will generally feel unwell and lethargic. She may complain of a stiff neck – check if she can tilt her chin down to her chest – and a severe, throbbing headache. She may experience vomiting.

Be on the alert too for a purplish pinprick or blotchy rash that doesn’t fade when a glass is pressed against it – take your child to the ER straightaway if this happens.

Treatment

If meningitis is suspected your child will be admitted to hospital for a lumbar puncture, where a small sample of spinal fluid is taken. If bacterial meningitis is diagnosed, antibiotics and fluids will be given via IV. Steroids may also be administered to reduce the inflammation.

Bacterial meningitis can cause long-term complications, including neurological damage, hearing and vision impairment, seizures and learning problems – however, prompt treatment can mitigate the severity of any complications.

Prevention

Your baby’s immunizations vaccinate him against some of the diseases that can cause meningitis, such as measles, mumps, Haemophilus influenzae and pneumococcal disease. Encourage older children to practice the basic hygiene habit of frequently washing their hands to prevent the spread of infections that can cause meningitis.

The information on this feature is intended for educational purposes only. If you have any concerns about your health, the health of your child or the health of someone you know, please consult with a doctor or other healthcare professional.

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Last Modified: 26/06/2008

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