Hypoglycaemia in newborns

Hypoglycemia occurs when blood glucose dips below normal and around two in every 1,000 newborn babies develop it, most commonly premature babies, low-birthweight babies and babies born to moms with gestational diabetes.

Most adults, children and healthy full-term babies can cope with occasional dips in blood glucose levels. That said, blood glucose is the brain’s main source of fuel and too little of it can result in seizures and brain damage. The signs may not be obvious in a newborn but include jitteriness; a blue tinge around the mouth and lips; apnea (where breathing briefly stops); hypothermia (low body temperature); floppiness; poor feeding and lethargy. A simple blood test can diagnose the condition.

Treatment

Treatment is based on your baby’s health, gestational age and the severity of the condition. He may be given a glucose/water mixture or simply formula to drink (if you intend breastfeeding, ask for any supplements to be given from a cup, syringe or dropper, to avoid nipple confusion when you try to latch your baby on) or be given glucose intravenously. His blood glucose levels will be closely monitored to ensure they don’t fall again.

There’s little you can do to prevent hypoglycemia but you can make sure you feed your baby regularly (every three to four hours). Keep an eye on your her (which you likely will anyway in those first few days and weeks!), and call your pediatrician immediately if you notice any signs that your baby is unwell. Your baby is at a higher risk if you’re diabetic or have gestational diabetes, so follow your physician’s guidance to keep your blood glucose levels under control.

The information in this feature is intended for educational purposes only. If you have any concerns about your health, the health of your child or the health of someone you know, please consult with a doctor or other healthcare professional.

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Last Modified: 24/06/2008

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