Bronchiolitis

This is a common illness of the respiratory tract caused by an infection in the tiny airways (bronchioles) leading off the lungs. Once the airways are infected they can swell, making breathing difficult.

Bronchiolitis tends to affect babies and young children because their airways are narrow and easily blocked. It typically occurs in the first two years of life, but peaks when babies are around three to six months old. It’s more common in boys and babies who live in crowded conditions. If your baby is in daycare he’ll also be more vulnerable, since he’ll be exposed to more viruses.

The symptoms are similar to those your baby gets when he has a cold – a cough, stuffy nose and a fever – but bronchiolitis may also be accompanied by wheezing. More severe symptoms include rapid, shallow breathing, a rapid heartbeat, a blue tinge to the lips and fingernails (called cyanosis, this indicates a lack of oxygen in the blood), poor appetite and vomiting caused by coughing. 

Treatment

Bronchiolitis is usually mild and will clear up without treatment – antibiotics won’t work since it’s caused by a virus, not bacteria. If your baby has a fever give a fever reducer such as acetaminophen or ibuprofen, and encourage him to feed to keep him hydrated. If he’s over four months, offer cooled boiled water to keep up his fluid levels. Saline drops can help to clear a stuffy nose and a cool mist humidifier in your baby’s bedroom at night can help ease his breathing.

Call your pediatrician if you’re concerned your baby might be dehydrated (signs include no wet diapers over several hours, darker urine and sunken fontanels, or soft spots), his fever is rising or his cough is getting worse. Call 911 or take him to the ER if he’s having difficulty breathing and has cyanosis – it’s possible he might need to be given fluids and oxygen.

Prevention

It’s difficult to avoid the virus that causes bronchiolitis but you can help prevent germs spreading by frequently washing your hands and your child’s, and keeping him away from other babies and children with colds.

Don’t smoke or let anyone else smoke around your child, as this camn worsen the symptoms.

The information in this feature is intended for educational purposes only. If you have any concerns about your health, the health of your child or the health of someone you know, please consult with a doctor or other healthcare professional.

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