Stillbirth

Stillbirth is the death of a baby after 20 weeks of pregnancy but before birth. The baby will either have died in the uterus or during pre-term labor and delivery, and it happens in around one in every 200 pregnancies.

The exact cause for stillbirths remains uncertain as it can be caused by a number of different factors. Birth defects and chromosomal abnormalities are among the most common, but stillbirth can also be linked to placental problems; retarded growth; maternal health problems, such as diabetes and kidney disease; and problems with the umbilical cord.

When a stillbirth occurs, the mother normally stops feeling her baby moving for a few days. An ultrasound scan can be used to check for a heartbeat and if none can be heard labor usually spontaneously starts after a couple of days. Some women choose to be induced immediately or want to deliver their baby by cesarean section.

Is there anything I can do to prevent a stillbirth?

The number of stillbirths has dropped in the last 50 years due to better prenatal care. If you’re considered high risk you’ll be carefully monitored but even if your baby isn’t thought to be in danger you should attend all your prenatal check ups, so your OB-GYN or nurse-midwife can assess your wellbeing and your baby’s.

It is imperative that you and your partner stop smoking – aim to do so before you become pregnant. Smoking reduces the amount of oxygen in your bloodstream, depriving your baby. Passive smoking can be just as harmful so if you and your partner smoke, stop immediately. Alcohol consumption is also a risk factor, as are recreational drugs, so avoid both.

You can also keep an eye on your baby’s movements. Babies start to move from about 17-22 weeks and move roughly 10 times a day. Keep in mind that this is a rough estimate and some babies move more or less. Some are very active and some are less active, so try not to panic if you haven’t felt your baby moving for a while, or if it moves less then 10 times a day. You’ll get to know how active your baby is (especially at night) and will notice if the movement slows down at all. It may be useful to keep a chart of your baby’s movements if you’re concerned. Report any pain or bleeding to your OB-GYN or nurse-midwife, as this is often the first sign of something more serious.

See losing a baby for help and advice if you’ve recently lost a baby. The March of Dimes can offer information on pregnancy and newborn loss (www.marchofdimes.com).

The information in this feature is intended for educational purposes only. If you have any concerns about your health, the health of your child or the health of someone you know, please consult with a doctor or other healthcare professional.

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Last Modified: 04/07/2007

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